14 Dec 2008

Makamu Wa Pili wa Rais wa TFF,"Ustaadh" Ramadhan Nassib (mbele kulia) akishangilia baada ya kushinda nafasi hiyo dhidi ya mpinzani wake Damas Ndumbaro katika Uchaguzi Mkuu uliofanyika leo jijini Dar.Ila Ustaadh,mbona TFF sasa iko chini ya Yanga tupu?Tenga alikuwa Pan (mtoto wa Yanga),Nyamlani ni Yanga na wewe ndio kama vile.....just kidding!Big up,man.You made it.At least jamaa kadhaa wanaweza kusema "tuna mshkaji TFF...!!!".Picha na habari  kwa hisani ya MICHUZI

13 Dec 2008

Watanzania wengi wanapenda habari.Na siku hizi vyombo vya habari viko vya kumwaga.Hata hivyo,upatikanaji wa habari za uhakika bado ni tatizo.Kwanza,wanahabari wengi wa huko nyumbani wanapendelea zaidi kuripoti habari badala ya kuleta habari iliyochunguzwa.Leo hii ukitoka ughaibuni na vizawadi viwili vitatu kisha ukaitisha press conference na kudai unataka kuanzisha mradi flani,kesho yake habari hizo zitaripotiwa kama ulivyotaka.Na kama hiyo press conference itaambatana na makulaji na vinywaji basi si ajabu habari hiyo ikawa ukurasa wa kwanza.Of course,kuna exceptions kwenye magazeti kama This Day,Kulikoni,Raia Mwema,Mwanahalisi na mengine machache.

Tatizo la pili katika upitakanaji wa habari liko katika mafungu mawili.Kwanza,japo magazeti ni mengi,wenye uwezo wa kununua bado si wengi sana.Bei ya wastani ya gazeti ni shilingi 400.Ukizingatia ugumu wa maisha,ni vigumu kutoa kiasi hicho kwa gazeti ambalo ukishasoma linakuwa halina matumizi mengine ya muhimu.Pili,upatikanaji wa habari kwa njia ya runinga na redio bado ni mgumu katika maeneo mbalimbali ya nchi yetu.Nilipokuwa Ifakara hivi karibuni,nilibaini kwamba ili uweze kukamata matangazo ya vituo vyote vya televisheni ni lazima uwe na "ungo".Sasa unaweza ku-imagine ni watu wangapi wenye uwezo wa kumudu gharama za kununua na ku-install satellite dish.

Pamoja na "chengachenga" za hapa na pale,redio imeendelea kuwa tegemeo la wengi hasa vijijini.Na ukipta hapa na pale utakuta wazee wetu nyakati za jioni wakisikiliza matangazo ya Idhaa ya Kiswahili ya BBC au Deutsche Welle.Na kupitia matangazo hayo ndipo mzee wangu mmoja niliyeongea nae kwa simu jioni ya leo alipata habari kwamba kuna wawekezaji kadhaa "walioingizwa mkenge" na tapeli mmoja,Bernard Madoff,katika kile kinachofahamika kama Ponzi Scheme.Mzee huyo aliniuliza inakuwaje "wazungu" wenye uelewa mkubwa wa mambo waliweza kuhadaika na kushiriki "upatu" huo?Sikua na jibu kwa vile habari yenyewe ilikuwa bado ngeni kwangu.Kama mwenzangu nawe hujaipata,BONYEZA HAPA kuisoma kwa undani.

The crisis in Somalia is getting worse as a force of Islamic militants, led by a hardline wing known as al-Shabab, seizes more territory, threatening the fragile transitional government. The Ethiopian troops that are backing the government are likely to leave the country soon, and experts warn this may lead to the government's collapse and the potential of Somalia becoming a safe haven for terrorists.

"They're expanding their reach,"said Jeniffer  Cooke,head of the Africa program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington. "They've seized a number of key port towns - Merka, Kismayo - and are really driving the chaos that is engulfing Mogadishu at this point."

There has been no real central Somali government since 1991. Only U.S. aid and the presence of Ethiopian troops who invaded in 2006 have kept the current transitional government in Mogadishu from collapse.

Although Ethiopia has announced it would pull out of Somalia by the end of the year, the government has hinted it could delay the move. Still, a withdrawal could prompt African Union peacekeepers to follow suit. 


U.S. State Department spokesman Sean McCormack says Washington is trying to avert a collapse in Somalia. "We're trying to work through the international system, that is trying to find a way that you can have a responsible international force in Somalia to help provide some security and therefore some stability," McCormack said. "And allow some of these weaker institutions to start to take hold in a positive way."

The concern in Washington is that if the militant al-Shabab takes control of Somalia the country could become a launching ground for terrorists.

Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman Admiral Michael Mullen spoke about the danger at a news conference Wednesday."I am concerned about the potential for a safe haven in Somalia as I am in Yemen. I try to pay a lot of attention to the evolution of potential safe havens, these two in particular and specifically to the one in Somalia," Mullen said. "So, I'm extremely concerned about that."

The United States considers the multi-clan al-Shabab a terrorist group. 

It practices a harsh form of Islamic law as seen in this recent video of a beheading released by the militants. Its propaganda videos, and its terror tactics have led some to believe the group may have ties to al-Qaida. 

"Whether or not the links are direct, we don't know," Cooke stated. "There have been former al-Qaida operatives within Mogadishu responsible for the bombings in Dar Es Salaam and in Kenya in 1998, but certainly there's a potential there, a very strong potential for increasing support and linkage with al-Qaida."

Cooke and other experts say the prospect of further violence and a deepening humanitarian crisis in Somalia could become a major problem for the incoming Obama administration. 

SOURCE: VoA

Kwenye uchambuzi makini,vitu kama laana,nuksi au bahati mbaya huwa havileti maana yoyote.Lakini katika maisha yetu kijamii tunafahamu kuwa jambo likiandamwa na kutofanikiwa linaweza kuhusishwa na laana au bahati mbaya.Na kama kuna sekta ambayo imekuwa ikiandamwa na matatizo kwa muda mrefu huko nyumbani basi ni usafiri.

Ukiangalia usafiri kuanzia kwenye cities hadi vijijini utabaini kwamba kadri unavyozidi kwenda chini (city ikiwa juu na kijiji chini) ndivyo matatizo yanavyozidi kuongezeka.Matatizo ya daladala jijini Dar ni "cha mtoto" ukilinganisha na namna ya kufika sehemu iitwayo Tanganyika Masagati (sijui kama ushawahi kuisikia).
Na hata hapo Dar,kero ya usafiri inazidi kuongezeka kadri unavyoelekea kwenye vitongoji vya jiji hilo.Ushawahi kufika Pemba Mnazi?Mara kwa mara tunasikia mipango mipya ya kuboresha usafiri,hasa jijini Dar.Tulisikia kuwa vipanya vingekuwa phased out lakini wajuzi wa mambo walishajua kuwa hilo ni changa la macho kwa vile wamiliki wengi wa vipanya hivyo ndio haohao wanaotuzuga kwenye media kuwa vipanya ni kero.Wanajuaje kero za vipanya ilhali wao wanazungushwa na ma-VX au Vogue yao yenye viyoyozi?
Tukiachana na usafiri wa barabara,wa majini ndio wa roho mkononi zaidi.Na hapa sizungumzii meli au boti pekee.Angalia pale Kigamboni!Au kama unadhani pale ndio kiboko cha matatizo basi jaribu kwenda kivuko cha Mto Kilombero!Nilipokuwa huko hivi karibuni nilihabarishwa kwamba kivuko kipya kilichotarajiwa kutatua kero katika eneo hilo kiliishia kusomwa na maji.Kisa?Bila shaka fisadi flani kanunua kivuko mtumba.Kama kawaida,hakuna aliyewajibika hadi leo.

Hapo feri jijini Dar nako ni ngonjera kila siku.Mara sijui kuna daraja litajengwa,mara sijui kuna nini kitafanyika.Kama kawaida yetu,tunasubiri litokee janga flani kisha ndio mabwana mipango wetu waje na mipango mipya ya kujali maisha yetu.Vivuko vingi huko nyumbani ni sawa majeneza yanayoelea.Hakuna la muhimu tulilojifunza kutokana na janga la Mv Bukoba,na sijui hata kama policy makers wetu wanakumbuka janga hilo.
Usafiri wa reli ndio balaa.Zamani za kale,ukiwa ndani ya treni ya Tazara ungeweza kujiskia kama uko kwenye treni ya nchi zilizoendelea.Siku hizo tulikuwa tunasafiri na watalii kibao.Si unajua reli ya Tazara inakatiza katika hifadhi ya Selous,kwahiyo kwa wenzetu wanaotafuta vivutio safari hiyo ilikuwa ni kuua ndege wawili kwa jiwe moja:kufikishwa waendako na kupata uhondo wa wanyama mbugani.Hivi sasa Tazara iko dhoful khal,inakaribia kukata kauli.Mara ya mwisho niliposafiri kwa Tazara,jamaa mmoja Mzambia alinieleza bayana kuwa wanasubiri tu kifo cha shirika hilo.
Huko Reli ya Kati ndio habari mbaya zaidi.Hivi inaingia akilini kweli kwa mtu anayejiita mwekezaji kuwa anapewa fedha na serikali kulipa mishahara ya watumishi?Huyu ni m-babaishaji tu.Watu pekee wanaofahamu sababu za kwanini hadi leo TRL bado iko mikononi kwa wababaishaji hao wa kidosi ni Watanzania wenzetu wachache wanaoendela kuamini kwamba ipo siku TRL itasisima na kujiendesha yenyewe.Wajuzi wa mambo wanaiona TRL kama kipofu anayetafuta sindano kwenye chumba chenye kiza totoro,huku sindano hiyo ikiwa haipo humo!

Kitu pekee kitachowakimbiza Wahindi hao ni janga.Kwanza tukubaliane kwamba kama wangekuwa hawapati faida katika huduma yao mbovu wasingeendelea kuwepo hadi leo.Si unawajua Wahindi linapokuja suala la faida?Yes,janga ndio itawakimbiza wadosi hao.Mungu aepushe janga hilo lakini likitokea la kutokea na kisha tukaishia kumlaumu Mungu,atatuadhibu vikali.Hawa wababaishaji hawajafanya matengenezo ya reli,wanasafirisha abiria kwenye mabehewa ambayo hata ng'ombe hawastahili kupanda,na ratiba zao ni za bahati nasibu.Yayumkinika kuhitimisha kuwa mazingira hayo ni sawa na a catastophy in the making.And once that happens,God forbid,hawa jamaa wataingia mitini just like wawekezaji wababsiahji wengine wanavyotukimbia baada ya kuukamua uchumi wetu.Na huwezi kuwalaumu kwani hata mwenye nyumba ambaye anaacha mboga yake jikoni pasipo kuhofia nyau,hawezi kuwalaumu paka wakikwiba mboga hiyo kukidhi njaa zao!

Hatuwezi kuuzungumzia usafiri wa anga pasipo kutaja AIR TANZANIA.Uongozi mmoja umeupisha mwingine one times too much,nembo zimebadilishwa mara lukuki,mgogoro mmoja umeupisha mwingine,lawama za wasafiri ndio usiseme!Hivi Waethiopia ni wachawi kwa namna walivyoweza kuifanya Ethiopian Airlines kuwa moja ya mashirika ya ndege ya mfano barani Afrika?Vipi kuhusu watani zetu na Kenyan Airways yao?Sisi tunashindwa nini?Hivi kuna ugumu gani wa kukodi ndege,kutoa huduma ya kuridhisha,kutumia itakayopatikana kununua ndege zaidi na kisha kutanua safari katika maeneo mbalimbali duniani?
Tatizo kubwa la Air Tanzania,or whatever its current name is,ni ufisadi.Na chanzo cha ufisadi huo ni hao wanaofanya teuzi pasipo kuzingatia rekodi.Hivi hawa viongozi wa sasa wa ATC wana sifa stahili za kulitoa shirika ICU na kulirejesha angani?Majuzi David Mattaka aliruka kimanga alipoulizwa iwapo ndege za shirika hilo zimepigwa stop kutoa huduma (kutoa non-existent huduma?) kabla ya kukiri muda mfupi baadaye kwamba habari hiyo ni ya kweli.Hivi background ya mtu huyu inaleta matumaini yoyote ya kufufuka kwa ATC?Na hapo sizungumzii maisha yake binafsi (hapa sio mahala pake).

Sababu kubwa ya nuksi,mikosi na bahati mbaya zinazoiandama sekta ya usafiri huko nyumbani ni uksefu wa uzalendo.Hilo linaanzia kwa hao wanaofanya uteuzi wa kuongoza taasisi zinazotoa huduma za usafiri wa angani,majini,barabara na reli.Pia uteuzi usiozingatia rekodi kwenye mamlaka zinazosimamia sekta hiyo ni tatizo jingine la msingi.Takriban maeneo yote yaliyoguswa katika uchambuzi huu yana Waziri,Naibu Waziri,Katibu Mkuu,Naibu Katibu Mkuu,Mkurugenzi Wizarani na Mkurugenzi shirikani,mameneja lukuki,Wenyeviti na wajumbe wa bodi ambao vikao vyao ni about posho tu na sio maendeleo ya shirika husika,na mlolongo mwingine wa watendaji.Sasa hapo inahitajika domino effect top to down.Waziri akiweka mbele uzalendo na uwajibikaji hao wote chini yake watatimiza majukumu yao.Lini tutapata Waziri ambaye ataapa kuwa lazima AIR TANZANIA itarudi hewani,TRC itafufuka kutoka katika wafu,TAZARA itapata uhai mpya,vivuko vinakuwa na maana ya vivuko,na hatua nyingine nyingi.Na isiishie kuapa tu kwani waheshimiwa wneig tu huapa lakini huishia kufisadi nchi na viapo vyao.

Uzalendo ni kuweka maslahi ya nchi mbele badala ya maslahi binafsi,Uzalendo ni kuchagua watu wenye sifa na uwezo na sio ku-recycle watendaji wenye sifa zisizostahili personally na professionally.It can be done,if wenzetu wakiamua ku-play their part....au just kusema YES WE CAN!

12 Dec 2008


Demonstrations against the killing were seen in cities across the continent with left-wing radicals and other sympathisers taking to the streets.

In Spain, 11 protesters were arrested and several police officers injured when clashes took place in Madrid and Barcelona.

In Copenhagen, 32 people were arrested when their protest in support of the Greek protests turned violent.

In neighbouring Turkey, about a dozen left-wing protesters daubed red paint over the front of the Greek consulate in Istanbul.

Around 150 people belonging to a Danish underground movement took to the streets, throwing bottles and paint bombs at buildings, police cars and officers. In Moscow and Rome, protesters threw petrol bombs at Greece's embassies.

Journalists came under attack for the first time in the riots, with a Russian news crew assaulted by a mob of about 50 youths, some of them reportedly drunk.

A correspondent and a cameraman for Russian television channel NTV were injured in the confrontation, which happened while they filmed clashes in Exarchia, a crucible of student radicalism.

In Athens, around 40 youths threw stones at riot police near university buildings in the volatile Exarchia district where 15-year-old Alexis Grigoropoulos was shot dead on Saturday.They were met with volleys of tear gas and three arrests were made, police said. Overnight, students hurling petrol bombs and stones again battled riot police in Athens, in a continuation of the worst riots to have hit Greece in more than 30 years.

There were similar clashes in the northern city of Thessaloniki, where more than 80 shops and 14 banks were damaged, with students continuing to occupy university campuses.Despite the turmoil that has rocked Greece since Grigoropoulos was killed, embattled Prime Minister Costas Karamanlis said he would fly to Brussels to attend a European Union summit. His conservative government has a parliamentary majority of just one seat.

Corruption scandals and attempts at economic reform have made Mr Karamanlis' administration deeply unpopular, but he has so far resisted calls to resign and call early elections.Epaminondas Korkoneas, 37, the police officer accused of shooting the teenager, has been charged with voluntary homicide and "illegal use" of his service weapon. He was ordered to remain in custody by an Athens magistrate.

His partner, Vassilios Saraliotis, 31, was charged with being an accomplice and will also remain in custody. The pair have been held since Sunday.Under questioning by a magistrate, Mr Korkoneas said he had acted out of self defence when a group of youths began throwing firebombs and other objects while threatening to kill him and his partner.His lawyer said the bullet which killed Grigoropoulos showed signs of having bounced off a hard surface, indicating that the boy was killed as a result of an accidental ricochet.

Greece has a history of clashes between the police and left-wing, anarchist groups.A student uprising in 1973 helped bring an end to the country's military dictatorship a year later.But the scale of this week's violence has left the country in deep shock as Greeks count the cost of the destruction.

The Athens Chamber of Commerce said 435 businesses had been hit during the violence, with 37 completely gutted, estimating the damage at GBP 44 million (50 million euros).Under the headline "Greece in self-destruct mode" the conservative daily newspaper Kathimerini said in an editorial: "This is a country with a state that is in a shambles, a police force in disarray, mediocre universities that serve as hotbeds of rage instead of knowledge and a shattered health care system. It is also on the brink of financial ruin."


11 Dec 2008


SALAAM ZA MWAKA MPYA

 

Uongozi na wafanyakazi wa

MwanaHALISI,

hata ndani ya kifungo cha

siku 90 cha gazeti hili,

tunayo furaha kukutakia

heri katika sherehe za msimu huu

zinazoambatana na

kuaga mwaka huu na kukaribisha

Mwaka Mpya.

Tumetambua na kuthamini

upendo na ujasiri wako katika kutetea

uhuru wa mawazo na uhuru wa

habari; na tunaahidi

 kuendelea kutenda kwa mujibu wa

uhuru, haki na wajibu

mara baada ya kurejea ulingoni. 

Heri ya Mwaka Mpya – 2009


Saed Kubenea

Mkurugenzi Mtendaji

Hali Halisi Publishers


Na Simon Mhina
Kada machachari wa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM), Nape Nnauye, amesema kauli ya Katibu Mkuu wa chama hicho, Yusuf Makamba, kwamba mjadala juu ya mafisadi wa Akauti ya Malipo ya Madeni ya Nje (EPA) katika Benki Kuu ya Tanzania (BoT) ufungwe, inaashiria kuwakumbatia mafisadi. 

Mwanasiasa huyo chipukizi ambaye yupo katika kipindi cha mapambano na makada wenzake ndani ya Umoja wa Vijana wa CCM (UVCCM), kutokana na kuvuliwa uanachama kwa kupinga mradi wa Jengo Jipya la Umoja huo, alisema hatua ya Makamba kuweka mizengwe mapambano dhidi ya ufisadi inawavunja moyo watendaji wa serikali ambao wapo mstari wa mbele kushughulikia tatizo hilo. 

Nape ambaye bado ni Mjumbe wa Halmashauri Kuu ya Taifa ya CCM (NEC), alisema kauli ya Makamba ni sawa na ya mtu anayeogopa kivuli chake. 

Hata hivyo, Nape katika mazungumzo na Nipashe jijini Dar es Salaam jana, alisema kimsingi Makamba hana uwezo wala madaraka ya kuzuia mjadala juu ya mafisadi. 

Nape alisema ingawa hana uhusiano wowote na watu wanaopiga makelele juu ya ufisadi, lakini anafikiri wanafanya hivyo kutokana na machungu makubwa ya umasikini wanayopata Watanzania kutokana na mafisadi. 
Alihoji: ``Hivi Mzee Makamba mafisadi wakisemwa vibaya yeye anakerwa na nini? 

Hivi kinachomkera ni kipi, mafisadi waliopora fedha za wavuja jasho au wavuja jasho wanaopiga makelele juu ya mafisadi kuwaibia?`` 

Alisisitiza kuwa katika hali ya kawaida, hakuna Mtanzania ambaye atanyamazia ufisadi kutokana na uzito wake. 

Nape alihoji tena: ``Ina maana Mzee Makamba anajua idadi ya mafisadi wote nchini?`` 

Akifafanua, alisema kazi ya kuwashughulikia wahalifu hao ipo chini ya serikali na vyombo vyake vya dola na sio jambo la kisiasa. 

Wakati huo huo, Mbunge wa Moshi Mjini kupitia Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema), Philimon Ndesamburo, amesema chama chake `kitafunga mdomo` kuhusu ufisadi, iwapo Rais wa Awamu ya Tatu, Benjamin Mkapa, atakamatwa na kufikishwa mahakamani. 

Alisema Mkapa ni hazina kubwa ya mafisadi nchini na siku akifikishwa kortini janga hilo litakuwa limefikia tamati. 

``Chadema hatutaacha kupiga kelele juu ya ufisadi kama anavyosema Makamba hadi hapo Mkapa ambaye ni hazina ya mafisadi atakapopelekwa kortini, mambo yote yaliyofanyika yalikuwa chini ya utawala wake na alikuwa anayajua na alishiriki, lazima akamatwe,``alisema Ndesamburo. 

Mbunge huyo alisema mafisadi ndani ya CCM na serikali yake, hawajamalizika hivyo lazima waendelee kusakwa. 
Alisema asilimia 10 tu ya mafisadi wote nchini ndio wamekamatwa, lakini asilimia 90 akiwemo `baba lao` bado wapo mitaani. 

Ndesamburo alisema japokuwa Makamba amelenga kuwasaidia baadhi ya mafisadi, lakini kwa hili anatakiwa aone aibu. 

``Yaani wakati huu ambao Rais Jakaya Kikwete ameridhia watu waliokuwa mawaziri wafikishwe Mahakamani yeye anasimama kutetea ufisadi, namuomba angalau aone aibu, hata kama amelambishwa asali,`` alisema. 

Kuhusu Operesheni Sangara, Ndesamburo alisema itaendelea kwa nguvu zote licha ya Makamba kuibeza, kwa vile inalenga kuwafumbua macho Watanzania. 

Alisema operesheni hiyo si uchochezi wala nguvu ya soda, bali Makamba ametoa shutuma hizo, baada ya kushindwa kujibu hoja zinazotolewa na Chadema. 

Makamba alinukuliwa katika vyombo vya habari jana akisema kwamba mjadala wa EPA kwa sasa umefungwa kwa kuwa watuhumiwa wote wamefikishwa kortini. 

Hata hivyo, ukweli ni kwamba bado watuhumiwa wengine wakiwamo wamiliki wa Kagoda Agriculture Ltd hawajafikishwa kortini. 

CHANZO: Nipashe

Scientists believe successful tests in monkeys could prove a step towards a new type of drug to combat HIV.

The journal Nature reports infected animals survived almost twice as long after a single treatment to raise immune response to the virus.

An independent expert said multiple doses were possible, and might eliminate the virus.

Current antiretroviral drugs must be taken for life, giving HIV the opportunity to build up resistance.

Although millions of people without HIV cannot currently receive them, modern antiretroviral drugs have transformed the life expectancy of people with the infection.

However, scientists are constantly looking for alternative ways to keep the virus in check.

One option is being tested in the US on macaque monkeys infected with "simian immunodeficiency virus" - their equivalent of HIV.

One of the features of HIV is its ability to shut down or impede the body's own methods for clearing viral infections.

In particular, it manages to activate a signalling system in the body's immune cells - which then actually holds back the body's immune response.

The latest treatment works by blocking that signalling system, which has the effect of boosting the function of "killer" immune cells.

The blocking antibody was injected once into nine animals who had developed AIDS after SIV infection, all of whom lived on average almost twice as long as other monkeys who did not receive the treatment.

The treated monkeys had clear signs of more active immune systems and reduction of the amount of virus circulating in their blood, both signs that they were tackling the disease more efficiently.

While the virus was not fully controlled in any of the monkeys, the scientists said that more than one dose was possible, and that it could be used in combination with antiretroviral drugs.

Long wait

Dr Rama Amara, who led the research, said: "It is important to note that this therapy was effective without antiretroviral drugs and in monkeys with severe AIDS.

"It is critical to induce protective immune responses targeting the mutated virus for developing a successful immune therapy to control HIV infection."

Another of the researchers said that the treatment also offered potential against other chronic infectious diseases such as hepatitis C and TB.

Professor Thomas Lehner, an immunologist from King's College London, said that the findings were "very interesting", and that the drug showed potential for human treatment.

He said: "It's possible that multiple doses could eliminate the virus, although the present experiment has not shown that.

"It's my understanding that some groups are already working to test this in humans, and although the safety of the drug is a concern, I see no reason why that should be a problem.

"It's most likely that we will see it used alongside antiretroviral therapy."

Dr Ade Fakoya, from the International HIV/AIDS Alliance, said that the research was "an important avenue" to pursue, particularly as it had managed to extend the lifespan of the monkeys.

However, he said: "There's a long process of many years before this basic research is translated into actual research with the HIV virus in humans and then identifying a way to be able to actively block this on a large enough scale for it to be another useful tool in HIV treatments."

SOURCE: BBC


9 Dec 2008





Pichani juu ni dada SOPHIA RWANGA mara baada ya kukamata nondo yake ya  MSc in Geospatial Information Systems hapo University of Aberdeen.Picha zifuatazo hapo chini ni shamrashamra za mahafali hayo katika chuo hiki kilichoanzishwa mwaka 1495,the third oldest in Scotland,and the fifth oldest in the UK.




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